01 · COIN TOSSES
Sample Space of Coin Experiments
1 Coin (2¹)
1 Coin Toss
Sample Space S = {H, T} (Total 2 outcomes).2 Coins (2²)
2 Coins Tossed Together
Sample Space S = {(H,H), (H,T), (T,H), (T,T)} (Total 4 outcomes).3 Coins (2³)
3 Coins Tossed Together
Sample Space S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, TTT} (Total 8 outcomes).02 · DICE EXPERIMENTS
Pair of Dice (36 Outcomes)
When two standard 6-sided dice are thrown simultaneously, the total number of possible outcomes is 6 × 6 = 36:
(1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (1,4) (1,5) (1,6)
(2,1) (2,2) (2,3) (2,4) (2,5) (2,6)
(3,1) (3,2) (3,3) (3,4) (3,5) (3,6)
(4,1) (4,2) (4,3) (4,4) (4,5) (4,6)
(5,1) (5,2) (5,3) (5,4) (5,5) (5,6)
(6,1) (6,2) (6,3) (6,4) (6,5) (6,6)
(2,1) (2,2) (2,3) (2,4) (2,5) (2,6)
(3,1) (3,2) (3,3) (3,4) (3,5) (3,6)
(4,1) (4,2) (4,3) (4,4) (4,5) (4,6)
(5,1) (5,2) (5,3) (5,4) (5,5) (5,6)
(6,1) (6,2) (6,3) (6,4) (6,5) (6,6)
03 · PLAYING CARDS
Deck of 52 Playing Cards Breakdown
26 Red Cards
Red Suits (26 Cards)
13 Hearts ♥ and 13 Diamonds ♦.26 Black Cards
Black Suits (26 Cards)
13 Spades ♠ and 13 Clubs ♣.12 Face Cards
Face Cards (Jacks, Queens, Kings)
4 Jacks (J), 4 Queens (Q), 4 Kings (K) = 12 Face Cards total.4 Aces
Ace Cards
4 Aces (1 per suit: Spades, Clubs, Hearts, Diamonds).04 · SOLVED NCERT EXAMPLE
Step-by-Step Problem Solving
EXAMPLE 1
One card is drawn from a well-shuffled deck of 52 cards. Find the probability of getting: (i) a king of red color, (ii) a face card.
Total possible outcomes = 52.
(i) King of Red Color:
Red suits are Hearts and Diamonds. Each has 1 king ⟹ Favorable outcomes = 2 (King of Hearts & King of Diamonds).
P(Red King) = 2 / 52 = 1 / 26
(ii) A Face Card:
Total face cards = 4 Jacks + 4 Queens + 4 Kings = 12.
P(Face Card) = 12 / 52 = 3 / 13
05 · QUICK SUMMARY
Key Takeaways
01
2 dice rolled together generate 36 outcomes.
02
52 cards deck = 26 Red + 26 Black.
03
There are exactly 12 face cards and 4 aces in a deck.